Guillaume de Lorris and the Art of Dressing

A Glimpse into the 13th-Century Poem

Guillaume de Lorris's 13th-century poem "Roman de la Rose" is a celebrated work of medieval French literature that provides a unique insight into the concept of dressing, fashion, and the art of enhancing one's appearance during that era. The poem, originally started by Guillaume de Lorris and later continued by Jean de Meun, is an allegorical tale that delves into themes of love, courtly behavior, and the pursuit of beauty. Within this narrative, the poem offers valuable guidance on how dressing elegantly and adorning oneself with attractive clothes and accessories can enhance a person's appearance, reflecting the ideals of medieval courtly culture.

The Roman de la Rose: A Complex Allegorical Tale

The "Roman de la Rose" is an allegorical poem that tells the story of a young man's quest to win the love of a beautiful rose. It combines dreamlike and allegorical elements, making it a complex and multifaceted work. Written in Old French, the poem is often considered a quintessential example of courtly literature and reflects the values, ideals, and behaviors of the medieval aristocracy.

The Role of Dressing in Courtly Culture

In the context of medieval courtly culture, dressing played a central role in how individuals presented themselves and conveyed their status, identity, and aspirations. The art of dressing was a highly regulated and symbolic aspect of life, and one's attire was a reflection of their character and social standing.

Enhancing One's Appearance in the "Roman de la Rose"

Within the "Roman de la Rose," the protagonist's quest to win the love of the rose involves various episodes that provide insights into the importance of dressing and its role in enhancing one's appearance:

1. The Lover's Preparation: The protagonist, known as the Lover, seeks advice from a series of allegorical figures, each representing different aspects of courtly love and courtly culture. These figures guide him in preparing himself for his quest.

2. The God of Love's Advice: The God of Love advises the Lover on how to enhance his appearance to win the favor of the rose. He recommends the use of various accessories and attire to convey elegance and refinement.

• Colors: The God of Love emphasizes the importance of wearing colors that convey modesty, loyalty, and sincerity. He suggests a combination of white and red, representing purity and love.
• Jewelry: The use of jewelry is encouraged to add an extra layer of elegance. Rings, necklaces, and brooches, adorned with precious gems and pearls, are recommended.
• Footwear: The Lover is instructed to wear well-made shoes that reflect his social standing and character. Shoes that are stylish and well-fitted are considered an essential part of dressing with elegance.
• Fine Fabric and Tailoring: The God of Love highlights the significance of wearing clothing made from fine fabrics, such as silk and brocade. These fabrics, often associated with luxury, signify one's refined taste and social status. Tailoring is equally important, with well-fitted garments emphasizing the individual's physique.

3. The Art of Combing and Perfuming: The poem also delves into the art of personal grooming. The Lover is advised to comb his hair carefully, ensuring that it appears neat and well-kept. Perfumes and scented oils are recommended for enhancing one's personal fragrance, adding to their allure.

4. Symbolism and Allegory: Throughout the poem, the elements of dressing and personal adornment are symbolic of deeper meanings. They represent not only the external presentation of the Lover but also his inner virtues and intentions. The combination of specific colors, fabrics, and accessories conveys loyalty, love, and other virtues that are highly regarded in courtly culture.

The Influence and Legacy of the "Roman de la Rose"

The "Roman de la Rose" had a profound influence on medieval and later literature and culture. Its themes of courtly love, aesthetics, and the art of dressing were central to the ideals and behaviors of the aristocracy during the Middle Ages. This influence extended to various aspects of society and culture:

1. Courtly Literature: The poem had a significant impact on courtly literature, inspiring subsequent authors and poets to explore themes of love, beauty, and the art of dressing. It contributed to the development of chivalric romances and the enduring concept of courtly love.

2. Fashion and Dressing: The ideals of elegance and refinement depicted in the "Roman de la Rose" influenced fashion during the medieval period. The use of specific colors, fabrics, and accessories that conveyed symbolic meanings became prevalent in clothing and attire.

3. Courtly Culture: The poem's emphasis on courtly behavior and the pursuit of beauty helped shape the cultural norms of the aristocracy. Courtly love, manners, and the art of dressing were integral aspects of courtly culture.

4. Symbolism and Allegory: The use of symbolism and allegory in the poem set a precedent for the symbolic interpretation of clothing and personal adornment. This approach to dressing extended to other works of literature and art. 

Conclusion

Guillaume de Lorris's "Roman de la Rose" provides valuable insights into the medieval concepts of dressing, elegance, and the art of enhancing one's appearance. Within the allegorical narrative, the poem reflects the ideals of courtly culture, emphasizing the importance of clothing, accessories, grooming, and the symbolism of personal adornment. The legacy of the "Roman de la Rose" endures as a testament to the enduring fascination with beauty, elegance, and the complex relationship between outward appearance and inner character.